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꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋx11ƪ
һλܳĽrҪ̰̰ЧԼĽ̌Wô֪Ҏ(gu)Ľ̰ôĆСռİ꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋHϣ܉
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 1
һ̌WĿˣ
1bxnģߟ۴Ȼ˼(cyc)
2WץסȻcMLiuofaƷζˇg(c)
nrţ
һnr
̌WE
1n
־ĦI҂̩ɽ֮p^pۂ^ƺ҂^һλŮҵҕ^pһNLƺ(})
2ߺ飺
ԭɽ|1954Ϻ1959SĸwӸݡ^֪^ڸD^f(xi)֕BT(lin)1979ԁl(f)ɢСfƪСf̫ɽաɢġŮӵĻȮa^һӰ푣ѳ桶ഺɢļΫ@ČW1990Сf̫ɽաz࣬ƽƷһZĉcһЩһMɢĄ(chung)̽ɢ뵽˵ăչʾwĪظ֪˵.Ȼ`СhɽhˮеĴȻ\ഺ
3Wxnģ֪nW12}
ˌc~
Y(u) (p su) û(o) (g g)(n chng) ww(xin xin) (chng jng)֫E(gung)
4nɺ̽3}ĵطʾ
5̽
1 ߹PµʲôcҳPMp
_׃öΑB(ti)ЄӸ
2rʲôӵĭh(hun)УЩпx?
_c^c˽(ӛԵԒZ)
3
ٕrҞʲôϲg?֮s]ˮǷN? YϜܰʾ̽
_ٕrڌoж^c˽ĺи֮{ζʹҸPעҲϲgƣĶ뵽ƺ֮֮ɣԏص]oȻҲ]ˮƵļˡ
6СYȫģ
ĻԼl(xing)֪rɽеһԞ龀x oַھɽ
M_
֮l(f)
7չ죺
1֪茑ơԊ~
2ҪwF(xin)ȻcͱMµLģ±ĵ3εČҲһϵƲʆ?
̌WY
nҪ̎D׃ɫ׃֪RĂߞWWcעB(yng)WĪԺԣ(j)@һָ˼ڱňWrȡxȦ̽mrcܷʹWpɵķՇЌW֪R
(j)ϵĽ̌WҪwF(xin)µČW
(һ)AϷͨ^nǰAʹW˽nϵK nЧʹnЧ°빦
()xͨ^WԼĂx䌦ּB(yng)Wx
()γɌW֪ͬRY˼SʽԸă(yu)ݻaHOˌWЧʺ͌W|ȵ؝MˌWıF(xin)͌ɹĿ
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 2
һ̌WҪ
1.JRײUȡ_\`12
2._иxnSɽƺճc
3.l(f)WȻɽӵğ֮l(f)WxϲgĶ䱳b
̌Wyc
1.xe~
2.l(f)WSɽƺճc
̌Wʂ䣺
SɽLҕl䘷x
nrţ
1nr
̌W^̣
(һ)(chung)O龳n
1.l(f)ՄԒճӰҕ҂^tՖ|龰ں嫵.Ͽճʹػ_;|韵IJԭϿճ˾敳;҂ϸɽճ֕һNӵĸ?
2.ʾn}҂߷AһKȥSɽһȥSɽƺճ!
(n})@һƪxnġָxn}
()xnw֪
1.ՈͬWɵءxxnÙM~xױxxͨn
2.ͬWl(f)F(xin)ĺ~ѾwƷx
Yϳʾ~ZMзeۣ
P@ ׃ßoF { x
ϡ fǧ _N x
`¶ ˲Ϣf׃ ۻy wP ƟUU
3.lεfһfnҪʲô?
̎Wͬw{
4.y֮̎
()xnи
1.ĬxnġWҪ
nķ֞顰ƺ͡ճɲ֣ffӡIJ?
2.СMӑՓȫཻ
nЩ茑Sɽƺճľ?
(n34Ȼ茑Sɽƺľ5-7Ȼ茑Sɽճľ)
3.Wƺ
(1)lSɽƺӡ?ԇxx
(2)ЩZиܵƺ桢ζ?ƷxnҳЩи|Z䣬xo
(3)]۾һゃ·ӵƺ?
ȫཻ̎cܡ
(4)cָeۯB~
λWWããWW
ゃ߀f@ӵ~Z?
(5)(ʾSɽճҕl)ָxXSɽƺ澰Լĸxn(䘷)
4.Wճ
(1)Ոɵxx@茑ճr׃
СMָf̎cʾճҕl
(YϰtɫcA觱P)
(2)ЩZ䌑Sɽճĉ?ҳxױ飬xo
(3)ceۣ
LƟUUɝZpp
ͬԇff@ӵ~Z
(4)ָx(䘷)ϲgSɽճͬWһxx茑ճĶҪゃϲ֮xŶ!
()beչ
W@ƪn҂ȸܵSɽƺճcҲIԵߵZ҂@ôZ׃Լӛе䌚ʲô?
(bժeۡ)
1.l̵ĕrgܰԼϲgZӛxԼϲgIJxb
2.W]PnSe
()OӋ
ƺճ
( )
ƺơ
ճtɫcA觱P
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 3
nǰA
1xnģe~Z(yu)茑ճľ
2e۹ŴԊµ茑աԊ
Pn̘˜ʣ
ZĽ̌Wl(f)WČWdȤB(yng)WWRTWZČWķW(chung)O̽Wĭh(hun)pČWƷԼwIƷăȺЫ@ÌȻ憢ʾ
̌WĿˣ
1˽c~
2˽Dձּeۃ(yu)ӣõo
3ճx
4ĦZߟ۴Ȼl(f)҃ĵ`˼
ur΄
1иxn˼·
2xnw
̌W^̣
һn
룺(n})
ƺͬ
ZԻA֪R
1ƯĕܽoՈ@Ԓ_Ҏ(gu)^سڷȡ
մȐ۵עҕgЩ؝٣Ըxȥ
2oмcע
( )( )( )ʲ( )( )ww( )j( )( )( )ģ( )ʡ( )
3xա
@___(W) ()___()___
___(d)x___(ʻ)ɽ___(p)
4~Zе˼
̎
mr
عⷵգ
5x@(j)ƴh
ɭۂb( )嫟oyn( )LһƬGɫĺҹoһd( )Թ̵ĉǾɭδsѽֲĴ
ZԱ_Ӗ
6ƽϵաăɂcIJͬ?߷քeӵķ?
7że·һFŻŏһ^ײɽZһֺ׃ɕ^XĽz|SLwֱ؏ɽ^^òÓ|ѽpʧS࣬fְûڵhc~Zʲô_?
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 4
̌WĿˡ
1.nĵgwSɽƺB(yng)Wɽ
2.ժķeۡȻnеĺ~Ѿ
3.JR6ֺͶ֡
̌Wcyc
nĵgwSɽƺߵĸܡ
̌Wʂ䡳
SɽƺPYϼƷ
̌Wrg
1nr
xh
nxnģ̌WĿҪϼhȡժ䣬ƷζcwСĽ̌WָWx
1.xͨnժ
Wxn;xͨ^ͬWyʽʹxͨnȻoĬxòͬķ̖ӛԼJõ~䡢Ͳĵط
2.xw
h(hun)(ji)ᘌWӛ~չ_̌Wcw~wF(xin)SɽFcߵĸwDz~Ĝʴ_
磺rLƽoĺˮrԎHĴrpzr_h
xwͨ^иxZpؾwF(xin)F`׃ò
wxõͬWAxW]Ŀ׃ɮ
ɮwúPƺġLƽoԎHpz_h
~wȥԭеĂrԆʲô?
3.չwWՄՄԼҊF[ɽĸ
4.eۃȻժԼJõ~Ѿe
5.Rӛ
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 5
һ̌WĿ
1 Ĭxnw֪
2 nČӴ˽ߵ^ͱ_
3 ߵZeZԡ
4l(f)WȻɽӵğ֮
̌Wc
1nČӴnă
2о茑ķ(oY)
̌Wyc
ͨ^xSɽƺճc
̌Wʂ
ýwn
̌W^
(һ)ՄԒ
҂@磬кܶ^ȻF(xin)м^죬һľ҂́pһSɽƺճՈͬW_n30n(ƺճ)SɽλڰʡϲSɽС199012±䛡ĻcȻza䛡ɏ庣1864.8SɽľïʢFӿȻɫ׃ĪySɽfǟo岻ʯoʯoɲʯƺȪ SɽĽ^ɞȫĹ匚ĵWϼfSɽoɽ^ֹӡҲáwɽSɽw߶ٝ҂һS߷AĹP|MSɽ
()xnģw֪
1 ՈͬWɵxnעе~xxͨnġ
2˼ɂ}
(1)nǰʲôӛ'?
(2)nҪBSɽЩɫ?
()nи
(1)nďĴwϿԷ֞顰ƺ͡ճɲônĵЩȻnjƺģЩȻnjճ?(n34Ȼ茑Sɽƺľ5-7Ȼ茑Sɽճľ)
2Wƺ
(1) ƺӵľ?ָx34Ȼ(ur)
(2) (j)҂ͬWxăݣЩZиܵƺ քefƺЩc?
a҂ҊɽλWWһƬƺǷɽչеWWĴRo߅oĵİããˮǾƺ@һ\ʲôoַʲôʲô?
bRʾcDƬȣffͬc?(ƽo) c@ߌƺճoB(ti)茑ͻƺoB(ti)(oB(ti)茑ƽ(wn)❍o߅H)
dώ@аl(f)F(xin)һЩ˼~ll(f)F(xin)?(λΡWWWWãã)ָx@һ
3ɽr[rF(xin)׃ßoF·LһfRvһƷ{xfǧSɽcȾЎɚ
a ƺľְl(f)ӵ׃? bՈش(oB(ti)׃Ä) c@һF(xin)ķNo() @߰ƺľpfRv{@ЩֱF(xin)ƺЩc?(|pӯxfǧ)@ӵ҂óȻ֮()
4pƺһ~݆?() 4Wճ
(1)x5Ȼ
(2)B~ļ@҂ֺЩ~? (LƟUUɝZpp)
(3)һϼʬF(xin)˂ǰb ȼtG_NһҒ߅Ŀ\
(4)ͬW˕rһ݆t՛_FϼՏHһ殐ľ?Rx7Ȼ@һߏăɷ茑ճ׃?
ɫΠ茑̫ꖵ׃
Π׃tɫc---A---A-----Aһ݆觱P;ɫ ׃tɫ---֬ɫ---rtΡx͡
^ôճΠ׃ʲôc?
ٶȿ죬Ǐġһ˲gܿ졢һգ.......ġ
ɫΠ׃Ŀۻy ɴ˿ߞ҂ġճr˲Ϣf׃
(5)̫ꖺ҂ӵ?иxȻ
()չ
W@ƪnģ҂ܵSɽƺճc҂pһMƺճDһĴúɽ
OӋ
ƺճ
ƺ oB(ti)茑ӑB(ti)茑
ճcAAA觱P
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 6
ı
@һƪxnҪ茑ĽLǿƺ
ȫĹ7ȻһȻνҺȥĽLǣ⿴Sɽǘӵƺ2-5ȻΌҿľ6-7ȻΌ̫ꖳꖹL܇һУꖹɽƸ
nZԃ(yu)~RŠW^עWe
̌WҪ
Jx8
ĬxnģfĽLҊ
ժ茑ƺ~Zxһx
wߌȻ֮ٝ顣
̌Wc
˽n茑ƺǧ˰ّB(ti)wߌȻ֮ٝ
̌W^̣
һȤ룺
ʾĽĈDƬՈҽBPă̎(j)WشrMaՄһՄDƬ BĸĽ䪚صĘõֲ@@ԿSɽǘӵƺ҂Sһȥ۸Rxn}(ͬrʾĽČ)
xn˽nĵҪݡ
1xnģnJxֱx(ٿ˷Ͼٻ)
zxr
ĺ ˷x ٿٿȥ Ƣ ٻӰ ܰ ʰ
2ffAЩ~˼?
ᆖ
ĺĩ
˷xeCsyڱe
ٿٿȥOȥȥ
ƢݻˬĿ՚oˬʵĸX
ܰ
ĿϾӣ|̫࣬۾^
ٻӰ
3Ĭxn˼nҪʲô?@h(hun)(ji)J䌍һЩ˼fһfһxһx
xnnҪwnĵ˼
1Ĭxnff߿ʲô뵽ʲôòͬķ̖ڕЮ
2.WԌW߅x߅
3.СM
wR
(һ)߿ģ
1.AķۼһƬããİ܇Ⱥɽr[rF(xin)hhȥһСu]ڲLLİ֮g
(1)xx@Ԓ߅x߅ff㿴ʲô
(2)Wְl(f)Ժʾc~Zľӡ(ץסãr[rF(xin)硱@Щ~ZՄwx)
2.h̎FѩĿϾӡ
(1)@ԒoʲôX?(ǧ˰ّB(ti)wB(ti)pӯ)
(2)Ӳx@NX?
Լxux
3.@һ߿ľBxһxw^ľ
4.҂ՄһƬhǮġǟ
(1)Մ
(2)xԼĸ
5.ɫƈFɽīGɫɽnhߵӌӯBB{֮һ˵.ˮī
߅x߅rĮ
(OӋDWZͬrl(f)]WھZă)
()뵽ģ
ҺȻ뵽|韵ԓжSɽԓжƺ澰!
(1)뵽ʲô?(뵽SɽSɽ뵽|韵ء)
(2)x
()߿ġ뵽ĽYxһx
()n茑ƺ~Zxһx
塢I(y)
n茑ƺ~ZȻһ
nչ
e~Zٿٿȥ ˷x k ѩ˝LL
ǧ˰ّB(ti) {h ~̓ y
ͦn |fǧ ĿϾ
ĽLλڱБ^(q)73LǾc֮һfLǵľAĽLǵĘصL@ܼPUҪǃɂȾжĽL΅^(q)Ⱥɽh(hun)LȺɽ;ļMɽˮ;^t~ɽ;ѩ}}ybعһɱLСfLĽ㡱uĽL1987걻u±ʮ֮һ1992걻u鱱֮2002걻u4AL^(q)
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 7
nǰA
xnģe~Z(yu)茑ճľ
e۹ŴԊ µ茑աԊ䡣
Pn̘˜ʣ
ZĽ̌Wl(f)WČWdȤB(yng)WWRTWZČWķW(chung)O̽Wĭh(hun)pČWƷԼwIƷăȺЫ@ÌȻ憢ʾ
̌WĿˣ
1˽ߡc~
2˽Dձּeۃ(yu)ӣõoá
3ճx
4ĦZߟ۴Ȼl(f)҃ĵ˼
ur΄
иxn˼·
xnw
̌W^̣
һ n
룺n}
Azy
1 WxxԼռY
2 ocע~Zʾýw
3 ŴԊ S茑ơԊ䣬ՈͬWfһf
w֪˽wݣ
1xnģ˼ҪЩ
^pƺ
׃Ī
^p©
ƺȥϴ
}̽
1̎ӵ.h(hun)@һh(hun)ʹߵעں̎
_̎h(hun)Čo¼̎h(hun)Čoc¼ʹˌע׃
2εđYfʲô
_{
3ÿҊƵ׃ٴαF(xin)˵ʲô
_ªУ
4⡰յļِˡ
ÔMַƵāȥҴҡh
5Ҍƺӵ
_ϲ
6˂ƺКg[ĈЩ龰ȤЩӌߵ
7ҳĵľ
xn˼}
1ٕrġҡʲôϲg˳֮ʲôҲpƵǷNˣ
ҡഺڌoж^ģc˵Ľи֮{oζʹҡƣƺ֮ġҡɣyoȻ͛]ǷNpơƵļ
2⡰c֮gĽ͵߸ߵɽxҲи֮С
ĵطڞ韟Ҋɽϣ첻c֮˴˽·һˣʹx߀Dzcڞһw˾cߵĹcƫƧ{oζs܌o
3ж̎\˔Mˣ硰z׃ɕ^XĽz|SLwֱ؏ɽ^^fְûڵhߡ@ôʲô̎
ÎкӚ~ZƲƲʌˡ
4⡰ƺ؇ɽ^кйu̓øС
߰Լɽu@N¼ŵĭh(hun)֮¿˶׃ƺһNϵcMҲߵ߿õС
I(y)^һƪ200ҵӛԂnϽ
̌W˼
c
1עwn}j
2Yߵıvȥ¶Уx֪
㣺nϚղSWĆl(f)߀
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 8
̌WĿˣ
֪R
1.JR11֣xӛP~e~Z
2.Ĭxnnăݡ
3.nČӴ˽ߵ^ͱ_
4.ߵZeZ
^c
1.ߕJR~Z
2.ͨ^Ĭxx̽ӑՓnăߵĔӴ
БB(ti)ȃrֵ^
B(yng)Wl(f)F(xin)ܵѬl(f)Ȼğ֮顣
̌Wc
nČӴΣnă
̌Wyc
ߵZWߵ.^ͱ_
̾ߜʂ䣺
ßƬ
nrţ
һnr
̌W
WӑՓƷxx
̌Ẉ
һȤ
DƬ֪
չʾDƬʹWֱ^Sɽƺճĉ^
CֈDƬεĽfMһӡ
w֪
ô҂LSɽƺճ?
1.Wxn
(1)˳Ȼ
(2)Jxͬz
(3)(lin)ϵc~Z
(4)ֶ݆ͬxnxͨx혡
2.Ĭxnһ룺Ӂ팑?
3.Ӵ
̽
ƪnԌo顣Ոxи!
1.Ĭxƺ͡ճɲϲgľӮӛ̖(ӑB(ti)ĮϡoB(ti)Įϡn)
2.Ʒxc
(ƺ׃Īyfǧ ճ˲Ϣf׃^)
3.߅x߅F(xin)ߵZ茑⾳
4.ٴĬxߵı_
(һ^茑һDŽӑB(ti)oB(ti)茑Yϡ\˴ı͔M˾䡣)
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 9
Ŀˣ
1.nĵgwSɽƺB(yng)WɽӣС
2.ժķeȻnеĺ~Ѿ䡣
3.JR6ֺͶ֡
yc
nĵgwSɽƺߵĸ
̾ߣ
SɽƺõĈDƬY
̷
p
̣
һͨxnժ
1.Wxn;xͨ^Wyʽʹxͨn
2.Ĭxòͬķ̖ӛԼJõ~Ͳĵط
xw
1.Wӛ~չ_̌W
2.w~wF(xin)SɽFcߵĸ
3.wDz~Ĝʴ_
xwͨ^иxZ'pؾwF(xin)F׃ò
wxõͬWAxW]ĿF(xin)׃ɮ档
wƺġLƽo_h
~wȥԭеġĂrԆʲô
չwWՄՄԼҊF
3.eۃȻժԼJõ~Ѿe
4.Rӛ
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 10
̌WĿˣ
1.Jx6
2.ĬxnfĽLҊ
3.ժ茑ƺ~Zxһx
4.wߌȻ֮ٝ
̌Wc
˽n茑ƺǧ˰ّB(ti)wߌȻ֮ٝ
̌Wʂ䣺
ĽĈDƬ
̌Wrg
1nr
̌W^̣
һnr
һ룺
ͬWゃ@ʲôط?ȥ^ĽLdž?Ҋ^ĽLǵƺ?ňDƬff㿴DƬʲô?
҂һͬȥĽ^ƺ
xnϵK
1.xnԌW~עx_˼ÿȻεă
2.ͬxmxfһfÿȻεҪݡ
3.ָx˼nķ֞ײ?
nă
1.҂SһͬĽLؿSɽǘӵƺSɽroĸXʲô?
(չʾPƺĈDƬ)
2.@˵ľʹ˼Ӳþy҂Ľʲô뵽ʲô?߅Ĭx߅һע
(1)xڶȻ
ץס茑ƺZwƺΑB(ti)иĽLƺǧ˰ّB(ti)ڿ~̓õɾ
档ZԱ_
(2)xȻ
ĽL뵽SɽSɽ뵽|韵
wߌĽƺٝȻٝɽٝ
3.n߀ʲô?ՄՄ'
СYn
nBγƪ?
^ԪƪBγƪķĮͬ
塢~Ze
茑ƺ~Z;ӻЃ(yu)ӡ~ȻZxһx
꼉Zσԡƺ̰OӋ 11
̌WĿˣ
֪Rc
˽Dձּeۃ(yu)õo
^c
xcĬxw֪w_˼飻p茑ƺľ
БB(ti)crֵ^
ߟ۴Ȼl(f)҃ĵ˼
̌Wc
ձּõo
̌Wyc
^̽ճ̩ɽճƺYɢĵČߌĸȻğ
̌W
1nr
̌W^̣
һpDƬ錧룺
˽
1ԭɽ|1954Ϻ1959SĸwӸ^֪ࡣ1979ԁl(f)ɢСfLƪСf\ʥɢļŮӵĻഺഺ
2
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